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托福考试|托福语法辅导:名词词组与动名词词组

来源:www.Limpn.com 2024-06-12
名词短语或动名词主句(或者从句)中做主语或者宾语。

A.语法复习由名词构成名词词组的几种办法

1. n. + adj.短语,如the jobs available to women

2. n. +介词短语,如a child with reading problem

3. adv. + v.-ed + n.,如seemingly limited number

4. n. + v.-ed短语或者-ing短语

5. n. of sth

B.例题?

例题1(1999年1月考试试题)____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.

(A) Plants are widely spaced

(B) The spacing of plants is wide

(C) Plants to be spaced widely

(D) The wide spacing of plants

第一剖析句子结构。该句的主干是:is due to the limited supply.这里,句子缺主语。所以,空格中应该填入名词或者名词词组。选项A和B都是完整的主谓结构,而非名词或名词词组。依据due to的使用方法,大家又能排除C,所以正确答案是D.

例题2(1999年1月考试试题)

Most leaves are coated with a waterproof1 _____, or cuticle2.

(A) that the covering

(B) and is covering

(C) covering

(D) by covering

这已经是一个简单的句子结构,即主谓完整。假如你认识waterproof这个词,你就了解空格里应该填入名词。由于waterproof是形容词,它只能修饰名词或者动名词。(这里的waterproof不可以表示类别做名词,由于前面的冠词是a而不是the)你也可以参考平行结构,由or cuticle判断空格里应该填入名词或者动名词。(cuticle:表皮)而4个选项中只有C是名词或者动名词。

例题3(1999年8月考试试题)

The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____, such as drama, poetry, essays, and novels.

(A) artistic3, creative writing

(B) writing that artistic, creative

(C) artistic, creative, and writing

(D) them is artistic, creative writing

第一,剖析句子结构。该句子的主干是:The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms.后面的that引导的从句修饰名词词组literary forms,contain是动词(包括),后面应该带名词或名词词组。不但这样,such as这个短语引出的drama, poetry, essays, and novels应该是空格的同位语,第三说明空格内应填入名词或名词词组。选项A正好是能做contain的宾语的名词短语。其中,形容词artistic和creative修饰动名词writing,组成名词词组。选项B中的that后面缺少助动词is.选项D也能构筑一个完整的句子结构,但表达甚是累赘,而且代词them指代错误(them指代forms)。所以,正确答案是A.?

例题4(1999年8月考试试题)

Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.

(A) to teach economics

(B) the teaching of economics

(C) teaching that economics is

(D) economics is taught

第一,剖析句子结构。空格后的by引导的动作做方法状语(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level),句子的主干是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______.由动词revolutionized(对进行革命)的使用方法得出,其后应该填入名词或者名词词组,以构成完整的主谓宾结构(假如谓语动词作及物动词,句子的完整结构应该包括主谓宾结构;假如谓语动词作非及物动词,句子的完整结构是主谓结构)。对于选项A,动词revolutionize并没revolutionize to do sth的使用方法,也就是说revolution做动词时,即revolutionize是及物动词,后不加不定式。选项B正好是可构成宾语的名词词组。对于选项C,其中的that economics is使用方法错误,由于它不可以当从句修饰可做名词的动名词teaching.而对于选项D,它是一个完整的主谓结构,填入空格中根本没法形成一个结构适当的句子。


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